A Book Is A Book And Other Thoughts On Our Webby Future

In February I wrote that every book is a website and we need to embrace the webiness of books. This led to some good discussion about the nature of books generally and casebooks in particular and about the nature of websites. The discussion helped clarify a couple of things in my mind.

First, though every book is a website not every website is a book. As I mentioned in the previous article, once a book is in an electronic form such as EPUB the process to make the book into a website is straight forward. That is not to say that it is easy, but that the path from EPUB to website is clearly marked. The reverse is not true. Moving a website to a book format such as EPUB is not straight forward and may even be impossible.

A website is a often a complex and carefully organized store of information. It may be fairly static, with a single information store arranged and hyperlinked for readers to discover. It may be interactive, drawing the the reader/visitor deeper into the site primarily through the use of hyperlinks to reveal or explain things. It may not even contain any text at all. The design of a website holds clues as to whether or not it can survive the transformation into a book.

Simple static websites are the best candidates for books. Information, often mostly text, is arranged in some sort of linear fashion. Links to outside sites are minimal. A single author or a small group of collaborators gives the site a particular voice. A blog is a good example of the sort of site that lends itself to being bookified.

Contrast this to a more complex and interactive site where the community contributes to the site or games are played or movies are watched. Information is arranged in a non-linear fashion. Links, both internal and external, abound. A multitude of authors, editors, and contributors all bring their voices to the site. Wrangling this into a book could not be done without destroying the value of the site.

This brings me to my second point, a book is a book. It does not matter if the medium is paper or bits, the form and structure of a book is still the same. Books have covers, title pages, tables of contents, chapters, notes (foot or end). The structure of a book is a known thing and the structure carries through all mediums. This is something that makes books unique. A book is a book in hard cover, paperback, on the Kindle, Nook and iPad, in the PDF file on your PC, and ultimately on the web.

Moving a book from print to electronic is not magic and it does not make the book better. The change in format just changes how readers access the book. If you want to make a “better” book, then build a website. Adding interaction and multimedia to a book are often valuable ways to enhance the information that is provided, but adding these enhancements are better done as website than a book.

Transforming a book into a website is the way to make a better book and destroy the book at the same time. Rather than spending time trying to shoehorn elements of a website into a book, we should let go of the book and embrace the web as the book of the future.

Tricking out the iPad

So, I’ve added a little bluetooth keyboard to the iPad with the idea that I will use it more if I can actually use it. One of the first thing I noticed after getting it all paired up is that the chunky keyboard that fills the bottom of the screen is pleasingly gone. I like that.

I wonder if I can get a mouse?
The keyboard is certainly seems like it will be a useful feature. I still need to reach up and touch the screen to navigate, but typing is a lot more enjoyable.

In case anyone is wondering I went with a separate keyboard and a small carry case for the iPad rather than one of those portfolio style keyboard+case things. After looking at a few of those I just didn’t think they would work so well when using the iPad mainly as a reader, which is what I do. After a few minutes, that seems like the right choice.

I’m wondering how running the bluetooth radio is going to effect battery life on the iPad. I’ve been paired and typing for about 15 minutes so far and the battery indicator says I’ve run off 5% of the charge. I plan on turning off bluetooth and the keyboard when I’m not writing,so that should help.

Well, I’ll update this later after I’ve had more time with the keyboard.

The Future of The (Case)Book Is The Web

Recently there has been an explosion of advances in the ebook arena. New tools, new standards and formats, and new platforms seem to be coming out every day. The rush to get books into an “e” format is on, but does it make a real difference? The “e” versions of books offer little in the way of improvement over the print version of the same book. Sure, these new formats provide a certain increase in accessibility over print by running on devices that are lighter than print books and allow for things like increasing font size, but there is little else. It is, after all, just a matter of reading the same text on a screen of some sort instead of paper.

Marketers will tell you that the Kindle, Nook, iPad, and various software readers are the future of the book, an evolutionary, if not revolutionary, step in reading and learning. But that does not ring true. These platforms are really just another form for print. So now beside hard cover and paperback, you can get the same content on any number of electronic platforms. Is that so revolutionary? Things like highlighting and note taking are just replications of the analog versions. Like their analog counterparts, notes and highlights on these platforms are typically locked to the hardware or software reader, no better than the highlights and margin notes of print books. These are just closed platforms, “e” or print, just silos of information.

Unlocking the potential of a book that is locked to a specific platform requires moving the book to an open platform with no real limits like the web. On the web the the book is suddenly expansive. Anything that you can do on the web, you can do with a book. As an author, reader, student, teacher, scholar, anything is possible with a book that is on the open web. The potential for linking, including external material, use of media, note taking, editing, markup, remixing are opened without the bounds of a specific reader platform.  A book as a website provides the potential for unlimited customization that will work across any hardware platform used.

Turning a book into a website is not all that difficult. The EPUB standard is widely used for ebooks and is essentially a website in a box. EPUB files are basically ZIP files,  a zipped  collection of XML and HTML files. Typically the XML describes the book and its contents and the HTML holds the content of the book. Unzipping and EPUB file provides a predictable set of files and folders that can be processed into a static website. Once that website is created, the entire realm of possibilities of the web are available.

Law professors could start with an eLangdell casebook, expanding the EPUB version into a website then use a straightforward set of tools to edit that website. They could rearrange the text, add or remove cases or commentary, include a syllabus, link to additional materials like journal articles or websites, and more. Then they could save the website as an EPUB file that can be distributed to students replacing the costly and limited traditional casebook.

Let’s say you are a law student. Your professor assigns an eLangdell casebook, which means you could download a free, Creative Commons licensed EPUB version of the book, possible customized just for your class.  You could use that book on any number of devices or software programs. Any notes or highlights would be locked to that device or software program. Imagine if you could take the copy of the book, which you own, and expand it into a website. With some simple editing tools you could edit the book. Then you would be free to rearrange sections to match your syllabus, add notes, highlight text, add your class notes, link to recorded lectures, link to important cases, or share your work with classmates. You could even print it all out.  When you are done, you would save your personal copy of the book as an EPUB file. Since EPUB format is a container it would make sense to use it to store both the plain content of a book and the personalized version of a book that you own. Because it is on the web you could access it from any web browser on any device that you happen to be using.

The future of the book is the open web, not some platform silo. Only putting books on the web will unlock the potential of books and it is easy enough to do.

Apple Updates, Clarifies iBooks Author EULA

B. Distribution of Works Generated Using the iBooks Author Software. As a condition of this
License and provided you are in compliance with its terms, works generated using iBooks
Author may be distributed as follows:
(i) if the work is provided for free (at no charge), you may distribute it by any means;
(ii) if the work is provided for a fee (including as part of any subscription-based product or
service) and includes files in the .ibooks format generated using iBooks Author, the work
may only be distributed through Apple, and such distribution will be subject to a separate
written agreement with Apple (or an Apple affiliate or subsidiary); provided, however, that
this restriction will not apply to the content of the work when distributed in a form that
does not include files in the .ibooks format generated using iBooks Author.
You retain
all your rights in the content of your works, and you may distribute such content by any
means when it does not include files in the .ibooks format generated by iBooks Author.

Apple will not be responsible for any costs, expenses, damages, losses (including
without limitation lost business opportunities or lost profits) or other liabilities you may
incur as a result of your use of this Apple Software, including without limitation the fact
that your work may not be selected for distribution by Apple.

This is the clause in question. The update lets the end user know that Apple only limits fee-based distribution  in the .ibooks format and not the content if the user wants to distribute it in another format. So, Apple claims no rights over the content of iBooks created with iBook Author.

But a close reading may expose a problem. The phrase “does not include files in the .ibooks format generated by iBooks Author” appears twice in that paragraph. The “.ibooks format” is really just an archive container that contains the user’s content as HTML files, so it seems that re-using that HTML may violate the EULA. Even if  that isn’t the case, the modified terms of the EULA still make the iBooks environment a closed silo that is easy enough to get into, but difficult to get back out again.

 

Do You Need an Email Sabbatical?

We all need time off. Like serious time off. Time when we feel like we’re able to truly rejuvenate without the little panicked voice chirping away in the back of our heads fretting about the backlog of things we are going to have to deal with when we come in. Information overload can be a very taxing issue for many people. Luckily, many services allow us to go zen without making us feel guilty. Most of us can scan Twitter without obsessing over all that we missed. And there’s simply too many blogs to think about all that we haven’t read. Unfortunately, email is the one app that we feel guilty about turning off. Why? Cuz the interface is designed to put you on a hamster wheel, rarely ever succeeding at letting you reach empty. You feel accomplished when you get to inbox zero. And then you sleep and it’s all back to haunt you. For this reason, I recommend taking an email sabbatical.

danah boyd  – How to Take an Email Sabbatical

This article lays out danah boyd’s excellent plan for getting away from your email and recharging your batteries. It is the sort of thing we should all probably do more often than we do.

Please Make PDFs Go Away…

Most law firms have a history of using Adobe’s Portable Document Format (PDF) to distribute their brochures, papers and longer written pieces. That practice matches what web usability experts have long advised: “PDF is great for distributing documents that need to be printed,” but not much more than that. The well-traveled rule is that if a document contains more than five pages of text (hint: that excludes lawyer profiles), then PDF format is worth considering.

Now, let’s throw a wrench into this. As we approach the end of 2011, many firms and their their clients are moving toward paperless offices. Clients are consuming law firm publications on a variety of devices, including smartphones, tablets, e-readers, and large multiple-monitor desktop environments. So how likely is it that we consume a PDF on printed paper? Not very.

Slaw – Revisiting PDFs for Law Firm Websites & Mobile Publishing

Finally someone has something useful to say about the future of PDFs. As someone who has to deal with found PDFs from all over the web, I can honestly say I wouldn’t miss them if they disappeared tomorrow. PDF is an excellent way to capture the artifact of the document page, but a PDF is not a web page, and PDF is not open data. PDF is a photocopy, a snapshot picture of a document. If you are interested in doing things like indexing data, repurposing data, reusing data, then a PDF is pretty useless.

 

 

 

Feds Launch Learning Registry To Improve Discoverability of OER

The Learning Registry addresses the problem of discoverability of education resources. There are countless repositories of fantastic educational content, from user-generated and curated sites to Open Education Resources to private sector publisher sites. Yet, with all this high-quality content available to teachers, it is still nearly impossible to find content to use with a particular lesson plan for a particular grade aligned to particular standards. Regrettably, it is often easier for a teacher to develop his own content than to find just the right thing on the Internet.

The Learning Registry is a joint Department of Education + Department of Defense project to provide a common infrastructure for providing discoverable metadata for OER. The goal is to help the teacher locate the “just right” education content that is freely available on the web. Rather than just being yet another portal the Learning Registry is designed as infrastructure with community members running registry nodes that feed metadata and paradata back to other nodes all via a set of open APIs.

This seems like an excellent step toward solving the discovery problem that seems to plague OER.  It also presents a opportunity for folks creating OER in the law school community to create a Learning Registry node for law school OER.

 

Time For Law Schools To Embrace the iPad?

 The biggest take-away is that the iPad has become a “game-changer” in part because already perhaps as many as half of all appellate judges nationwide are at least sometimes reading briefs on an iPad and because it seems likely that soon all judges will read most briefs on screens.

– Law School Innovation, The importance of appreciating (and teaching) iPad realities for lawyers and law students

Indeed it would seem that the use of the iPad in the legal profession is increasing. If law schools are truly interested in preparing students for law practice it would certainly make sense to help them learn to use the tools they will encounter in practice.

 

 

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